SurLaLune Fairy Tales: Marian Roalfe Cox: Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap O' Rushes, abstracted and tabulated

Ill-treated heroine (by mistress)--Task (spinning and weaving)--Task-performing animal (cow) must creep in at one of cow's ears, and out at the other, and task is performed-- Mistress's one-eyed daughter sent to spy; put to sleep by magic formula; two-eyed daughter, the same. Three-eyed daughter sees with third eye, which heroine omits to charm--Slaying of helpful animal--Eating taboo--Revivified bones. Magic apple- tree with golden leaves, silver branches, and crystal fruit, springs from bones--Wealthy youth will wed whichever girl can give him magic apples. Three sisters cannot reach them. Tree bows down to heroine--Happy marriage.

TABULATION

(1) Heroine is an orphan and is very ill-used. Her cruel mistress has three daughters. Heroine toils for them all and never receives a kind word.-- (2) She goes into the field, puts her arms round the neck of the spotted cow, and says "My beloved cow, they are so unkind to me; they have given me five poods (pood = 40 lb. Eng.) of flax to be made into linen." "Poor dear child," says cow, "all you need do is to creep into one of my ears and come out at the other, and all will be ready." So it happens. Heroine takes linen home, and mistress gives her twice as much to do next day. Same thing happens again.-- (3) Mistress is surprised, and the following day sends one-eyed daughter to spy. She forgets what she has to do and goes to sleep, when heroine says, "One-eye, sleep." Before she wakes all is performed as usual.-- (4) Mistress having learnt nothing, sends second daughter, called Two-eyes. The same thing happens, when heroine says, "One-eye, sleep Two-eyes, sleep!"-- (5) Mistress is very angry, and on third day sends three-eyed daughter. Heroine says, "One-eye, sleep Two-eyes, sleep!" forgetting the third, which stays awake and sees everything. Daughter tells mistress, who says next day to husband, "Kill the spotted cow." He objects to doing so, but sharpens his knife. Meanwhile heroine runs to tell cow, who says: "Don't you eat any part of me under any circumstances whatever; but collect my bones, bury them in the garden, and from time to time pour some water over them."-- (6) Girl does as bidden; and on the spot there grows an apple-tree with golden leaves and silver branches and crystal fruit.¹ All passers-by are amazed.-- (7) One day, whilst the three sisters arc playing together in the field, a young and wealthy youth passing by says he will marry one of them if she will give him one of those apples. Girls rush to the apple-tree, whose apples look easy to pick; but as soon as girls attempt to touch them they rise up out of reach. Girls try all manner of ways but cannot succeed, and quarrel and fight with each other. Meanwhile heroine comes up, and the apples immediately descend for her. The rich young man marries her.

NOTES

1: See Note 7.

Note 7

(P. 152.) A magic tree springs from some buried portion of the helpful animal in Nos. 52, 70, 101 (from three drops of sheep's blood), 102, 227, 228, 230, 232, 236, 242, 243, and 249; and from the buried mother in No. 95. In No. 101 the sheep, as in No. 102 the ox, is the mother transformed. In 233 the bones of helpful animal laid on pear-tree cause its branches to be decked with golden bells. (A house springs from the buried ox in No. 13.)

In a story from Abyssinia (Reinisch, Die Nuba Sprache, Vienna, 1879, I, 221) seven palm-trees grow on the spot where the girl buries the bones of her seven brothers. The mother is buried under a tree in No. 17, and help is obtained at her grave. A tree is planted on mother's grave in Nos. 19, 37, and 62. There is a treasure-tree in Nos. 13, 36, 38, 42, 47, 49, 52, 58, 61, 75, 77, 95, 96, 112, 126, 204, 242, 255, 306, and in the hero-tales 340 and 341; and a wishing-tree in Nos. 47 and 335. In No. 123 old man draws a tree which heroine must knock to get dresses, etc. In Nos. 7, 18, and 295 the heroine plants magical trees.

Cf. Gipsy-lore Journal, i, 84, "Tale of a Foolish Brother and of a Wonderful Bush"; Children's Legends, No. 10, "The Hazel Branch" (in Grimm's H. T.). For wishing-trees, cf. Dasent, liv, and pp. 420, 433; Grimm's "Juniper-tree"; and comp. the wishing-tree that bears clothes, trinkets, etc., and wine, in Meghadhuta (ed. Schutz, pp. 25-7), and the five trees in Indra's heavenly paradise which grant every wish. In Somadeva, 2, 84, we find the Indian's Kalpa Vriksha (tree of wishes), or Manoratha-dayaka (wish-giving). See Grimm, Teut. Myth., 872. In "Punchkin", the tree growing on mother's grave gives fruit. For speaking-trees, cf. Callaway, Zulu Folk-tales, p. 188; Dasent, pp. 113, 428, 440; Day, Folk-tales of Bengal, p. 281; Stokes, Indian Fairy Tales, p. 202; Theal, p. 50 (trees which laugh); Thorpe, Yule-tide Stories, pp. 17, 43, 99, 369, 429; Wide-Awake Stories, 179-80, 181-3. Comp. Hiawatha's appeal to forest trees, and the green reed's address to Psyche (Apuleius). See also Grimm's T. M., 1202, note. For other magical trees, cf. Callaway, pp. 51, 218; Campbell, i, 236, 237; Grey, Polyn. Myth., 111-114; Tylor, Early Hist., p. 356. Mr. Frazer, in The Golden Bough (i, 62), refers to the belief that the souls of the dead animate trees. "The Dieyerie tribe of South Australia regard as very sacred certain trees, which are supposed to be their fathers transformed; hence they will not cut the trees down, and protest against the settlers doing so. (Native Tribes of S. Australia, p. 280.) Some of the Philippine Islanders believe that the souls of their forefathers, are in certain trees, which they therefore spare. . . (Mittheilungen der Wiener Geogr. Gesellschaft, 1882, p. 165 seq.) In an Annamite story an old fisherman makes an incision in the trunk of a tree which has drifted ashore; but blood flows from the cut, and it appears that an empress and her three daughters, who had been cast into the sea, are embodied in the tree. (Landes, Contes et legendes Annamites, No. 9.) The story of Polydorus will occur to readers of Virgil. Compare Nos. 68, 69, and 231, in which the heroine is for a time embodied in a tree.

The Langobards worshipped the so-called blood-tree or holy-tree, and Saint Barbatus preached in vain against the practice. (Acta Sanctor., under Feb. 19th, p. 139.) Barbatus was born c. 602, died c. 683. See Grimm, T. M., 650 ff., and 1480, upon this subject, and upon the veneration of certain trees. A young willow planted in the mouth of a dead foal or calf must never be lopped or polled. (Stendal in Altmark. allg. anz. der Deut., 1811, No. 306; cf. Müllenhoff, No. 327.) A man in Sudermania was on the point of cutting down a juniper-tree, disregarding the warning voice which bade him desist. At the second stroke blood flowed from the root, and the hewer went home and fell ill (Afzelius, 2, 147). An Austrian märchen (Ziska, 38-42) tells of the stately fir in which there sits a fay waited on by dwarfs, rewarding the innocent and plaguing the guilty; and a Servian song of the maiden in the pine. A holy oak grows out of the mouth of a slain king (Harrys, i, No. 55).

In Zbiór wiadomosci do antropologji Krajowej, Cracow, 1877-92, vol. viii, pp. 292-293, the following story is related as explanation of the belief attaching to the lime-tree, which is said never to be struck by lightning. Stepmother has stepdaughter who minds the cattle and wears a cloak made of pigs' skins, because stepmother will give her nothing better. She always prays before a lime-tree. On one occasion the holy Virgin comes out of the tree and asks what her cloak is made of; feels pity for her, takes off her own dress and gives it her instead of pig-skins. (Taken down in 1883 by Mme. S. Ulanowska in the village of Lukowek, near to Garwolin, government of Siedlce.) In No. 15, heroine obtains help from the lime-tree queen; in No. 57, from the lady in the fir-tree (probably the Virgin); and in No. 58, from the Virgin in the hollow oak-tree. An old woman comes out of the lime-tree in No. 77.
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Cox, Marian Roalfe. Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap O' Rushes, abstracted and tabulated. London: David Nutt for the Folklore Society, 1893.

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