The Nightingale was first published in 1844 in Andersen's Nye Eventyr (New Fairy Tales). The collection was critically well-received and helped solidify Anderesn's popularity and success.

Diana Crone and Jeffrey Frank write:

While Lind was kind to Andersen, and admired his writings, she did not return his love, preferring to remain friends with the author. The two had many common qualities, such as their piety, plain physcial appearances, and their individual rise to fame for their talents in the arts.

The Nightingale has remained one of Andersen's most popular and enduring tales, often produced as picture books (see the Book Gallery) and also appearing as the theme of movies and theatre, many of which are listed on the Modern Interpretations page.

The tale's theme of "real" vs. "mechanical/artificial" has become even more pertinent since 1844 as the Industrial Revolution has led to more and more artificial intelligences, machines, and other technologies. The tale gains more poignance in the age of recorded music.